Racialized Risk in Clinical Care: Clinician Vigilance and Patient Responsibility

Racial/ethnic identity is contingent and arbitrary, yet it is commonly used to evaluate disease risk and treatment response. Drawing on open-ended interviews with patients and clinicians in two US clinics, we explore how racialized risk is conceptualized and how it impacts patient care and experience. We found that racial/ethnic risk was a common but poorly defined construct for both patients and clinicians, who intermingled concepts of genetics, biology, behavior, and culture, while disregarding historical or structural context. We argue that racializing risk embodies social power in marked and unmarked bodies, reinforcing inequality along racial lines and undermining equitable health care.     

基于血热证小鼠模型紫草素清热凉血与血液氧化还原稳态调控的研究

目的 探究紫草素（SK）对活性酵母诱导的血热证小鼠模型的清热凉血作用与血液氧化还原稳态调控的关系。方法 小鼠随机分为对照组、模型组、SK（10 mg/kg）组、阿司匹林（Asp，200 mg/kg）组、L-丁硫氨酸亚砜亚胺（BSO，600 mg/kg）组、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸（NAC，400 mg/kg）组、BSO联合SK组、NAC联合SK组。小鼠颈背部sc 0.2 g/mL活性酵母提取物（10 mL/kg），造模0.5 h后ip SK，造模8 h后ig Asp，于实验开始前ip BSO、NAC，2次/d，连续1周。考察小鼠肛温（t_R）、基本活动、代谢、凝血、血细胞计数等指标，采用OPA荧光法测定小鼠血清中还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、氧化型谷胱甘肽（GSSG）水平。结果 与对照组相比，模型组小鼠造模4 h后t_R显著升高（P<0.05），10 h达到（38.07±0.11）℃；小鼠出现烦躁、口唇色红、喜饮、碳末推进率降低、粪便含水量降低、凝血时间延长现象（P<0.05）；肺组织红细胞、炎性细胞浸润；血清LPO、MDA水平显著升高、SOD活性降低、GSH/GSSG比率减小（P<0.05）。与模型组相比，SK组小鼠t_R显著降低，10 h达到（37.51±0.12）℃；各指标均得到显著改善；血清LPO、MDA水平降低、SOD活性升高、GSH/GSSG比率增大（P<0.05）。BSO组可降低血清GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05），减弱SK对血热证小鼠的治疗作用；NAC组可增加血清GSH水平，增加GSH/GSSG比率（P<0.05），增强SK对血热证小鼠的治疗效果。结论 SK通过调控血液氧化还原稳态，缓解血热证小鼠高热、出血瘀血、血液氧化损伤，从而发挥清热凉血作用。     

全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响

目的探讨全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响。方法收集接受肺癌根治术的84例患者的病历资料,按照患者所行麻醉方式的不同对其进行分组,单纯行全麻者42例归为对照组,行全麻复合硬膜外麻醉者42例纳入观察组,分析不同麻醉方式对患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性影响的差异性。结果术后24 h观察组与对照组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞水平均较术前明显降低,且术后24 h相比对照组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+、NK细胞水平,观察组患者以上指标水平明显更高(P<0.05)。术后1周2组患者的CD3^+、CD4^+、CD8^+、CD4^+/CD8^+水平与术前相比并无明显差异(P>0.05),但NK细胞水平较术前明显降低(P<0.05),且术后1周相比对照组患者,观察组患者的NK细胞水平更高(P<0.05)。观察组患者的术后苏醒时间、术后拔管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间均明显短于对照组患者,2组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论相比单纯全麻,全麻复合硬膜外麻醉对肺癌根治术患者外周血T细胞亚群及NK细胞活性的影响更小,有助于患者术后的恢复。     

血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的临床观察

目的:观察血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药治疗高血压颈动脉硬化的效果。方法:选取2017年6月至2018年6月聊城市中医院收治的高血压颈动脉硬化患者92例作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法随机分为对照组与观察组,每组46例。对照组患者给予左旋氨氯地平+阿托伐他汀口服,观察组在对照组基础上加用血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减口服。观察患者血压、血脂控制情况,测定颈动脉内膜中层厚度(IMT)、斑块面积、血管皮内皮功能、血清蛋白酶分子水平。结果:与对照组比较,观察组治疗后的血压SBP、DBP及血脂TG、TC、LDL-C等指标更低(P<0.05);颈动脉粥样硬化斑块IMT厚度、斑块面积明显缩小(P<0.05),血管内皮功能指标ET-1、AngⅡ、TXB2水平明显降低,NO水平明显升高(P<0.05);血清CatK、MMP-9水平明显降低(P<0.05);观察组不良反应发生率8.70%明显低于对照组不良反应发生率21.74%(P<0.05)。结论:血府逐瘀汤合温胆汤加减联合西药更利于控制高血压颈动脉硬化患者的血压,调节脂质代谢,改善血管内皮功能,降低血清蛋白酶分子的含量,用药安全。     

全国名中医丁书文益气活血解毒法治疗心房颤动的处方用药规律挖掘＊

目的 丁书文教授创新性地提出了心系疾病热毒学说，运用益气活血解毒法治疗房颤疗效显著。本研究以丁教授多年的处方数据为基础，探讨丁教授益气活血解毒法治疗房颤的用药规律。方法 收集来自山东中医药大学附属医院门诊系统的丁书文教授处方数据，筛选出治疗房颤的372个处方，采用关联规则、点式互信息、复杂网络等数据挖掘方法对丁教授的药物配伍和处方进行分析。结果 本研究利用复杂网络分析方法获得了丁教授治疗房颤的核心处方，提示益气活血解毒法是其主要治则治法；利用处方相似性和社团分析方法，获得15组类方，其中3种类方与丁教授总结的三大治法高度符合；为探寻丁教授清热解毒配伍特点，结合关联规则和点式互信息算法，获得了10个丁教授清热解毒配伍药对。结论 数据挖掘技术提供了名医处方数据分析与提炼的可行方法，对丁教授经验的传承和临床应用提供直接可靠的依据。     

地中海贫血孕妇产前诊断的护理效果评价

目的研究地中海贫血孕妇实施产科综合护理模式的护理配合措施及效果。方法选择78例于我院检查地中海贫血孕妇,纳入时间为2017年5月-2018年5月,采用随机数字表法将其分为综合护理组与对照组,每组均39例。其中对照组采用常规护理形式,综合护理组行产科综合护理模式,对比综合护理组与对照组护理前后心理状态评估指标及家属的护理满意度。结果护理前综合护理组与对照组患者心理状态评估指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),与对照组(76.92%)相比,护理后综合护理组焦虑指标、抑郁指标更低,综合护理组孕妇及家属的护理满意度(94.87%)较高(P<0.05)。结论通过综合护理模式可提升地中海贫血孕妇护理满意度,并改善其心理状态。     

活血利水法在骨伤科疾病中的应用

基于骨伤疾病瘀血内阻的重要病机和现代医家"治血重治水"的学术观点,探索概括了活血利水法在骨伤疾病中的应用现状,结合现代医学的认识,全方位分析了活血利水法的优势和缺点。活血利水法可应用于骨折、筋伤等骨伤科大部分疾病及骨伤科疾病的围手术期,能改善肢体肿胀,促进伤口愈合,便于患者早期功能康复,但目前的临床应用尚缺乏统一的规范和标准,且处方不良反应尚未完全阐明。     

2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione,isolated from the root of Averrhoa carambola L., protects against diabetic kidney disease by inhibiting TLR4/TGFβ signaling pathway

ObjectiveDiabetic kidney disease (DKD) is the leading cause of death and disability of diabetes mellitus. However, there is still a lack of specific drugs for the treatment of DKD. The chief aim of this research is to investigate the role and mechanism of 2-Dodecyl-6-methoxycyclohexa-2,5-diene-1,4-dione (DMDD) for DKD.MethodsWild type and TLR4 knockout mice were induced to diabetes. After 4-week treatment with DMDD, blood sugar, renal function, blood lipid and pathological changes were assessed. Real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were employed to detect the expressions of TLR4, TGFβ1 and Smad2/3 in the renal tissue.ResultsDMDD improved the serum lipid and decreased fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. CysC and urinary albumin levels increased markedly in the diabetic group, and they were obviously decreased after 4 weeks of DMDD treatment. Compared with the WT diabetic mice, the urinary albumin and CysC in the TLR4^-/- mice were expressed at lower levels. HE and Masson’s staining revealed that DMDD clearly ameliorated pathological changes and renal fibrosis. When TLR4 gene was knock out, the pathological was improved. Mechanistically, TLR4, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were obvious up-regulation in the renal tissues of diabetic mice. The expressions of these proteins were significantly down-regulated after DMDD treatment (p < 0.05). In the TLR4^-/- mice, mRNA and protein levels of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were obviously lower than those in the WT mice. In addition, IHC revealed that a strong in situ expressions of TLR4, TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were seen in the kidney tissues of diabetic mice, which were distinctly weakened in the DMDD-treated mice. In the TLR4^-/- mice, however, expressions of TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 were not remarkable increase in the diabetic mice compared with normal mice.ConclusionsThese results strongly indicate that TLR4 is essential for DMDD protection against renal dysfunction in diabetic mice. Its hypoglycemic and anti-fibrosis effects were likely mediated by the TLR4/TGFβ signaling pathway.     

万古霉素药物暴露量阈值与肾毒性的相关性分析

目的探讨万古霉素药物暴露量与肾毒性发生的相关性,并确定其上限阈值。方法前瞻性收集2018年5月-2019年1月接受静脉注射万古霉素治疗的成人住院患者信息。使用贝叶斯最大后验概率法计算药时曲线下面积(AUC)并采用分类和回归树(CART)的方法分析和确定万古霉素初始剂量及与肾毒性相关的稳态AUC阈值。通过受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评估上述方法所得AUC阈值的预测性能及对万古霉素相关肾毒性的诊断价值,并采用多因素logistic回归分析量化肾毒性发生风险因素。结果共纳入患者155例,其中发生肾毒性患者13例(8.39%)。经CART分析得到AUC0-24、AUC24-48、AUCss0-24对肾毒性预测的最佳阈值点分别为622 mg·h/L、617 mg·h/L、578 mg·h/L。经多因素logistic回归分析,AUC超过最佳阈值点时肾毒性发生率显著提高(P≤0.01),联合使用肾毒性药物与肾毒性发生独立相关,会提高约6倍的肾毒性发生率(P<0.01)。结论万古霉素暴露量超过阈值时会大幅提高肾毒性发生风险,提示AUC监测对预测肾毒性发生有很高的临床价值。     

移动医生查房系统临床实施应用研究

结合陆军军医大学第一附属医院移动医护信息化建设实践，介绍移动查房系统软件架构、网络架构、具体功能及应用优势，指出该系统可实现患者临床信息实时更新和共享，有助于提高医护人员临床决策响应能力和工作效率。